American Journal of Clinical Medicine Research

by Abdullah Alanazi, Nowaf Yousef Al Obaidi, Farhan Al. Enezi, Mohammed Khalaf AlMutairi, Nawfal Aljerian, Omar Abdullah Alsultan, Khalid alharbi and Shoeb Qureshi

Original Research

Background: The values of electrolytes are measured by both the arterial blood gas analyzer and the auto-analyzers, in arterial and venous blood respectively. Literature reports suggest controversies in comparisons between the results. Concerns have been increased about the precision of the instrument due to difference in results of laboratories, in addition to the time consumed. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective observational study on serum and ABG electrolytes in samples from 53 (34 Male and 19 Female) patients admitted to ICU at King Abdul-Aziz Medical City (KAMC). The analysis was done in Central Laboratory. The results from patients’ file were uploaded to SPSS from excel sheets and statistical analysis was done. Results and Conclusion: The age of patients varied between 14 years and 87 years in both the sexes. The sex wise frequency was 64.151% (males) and 35.85% (females). The pathological reports showed highest incidence of post-Motor Vehicular Accidents (MVA) followed by Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) and Respiratory Failure (RF). Comorbidities were infrequent. However; the highest incidence was related to Diabetes (DM) + Hypertension (HTN), followed by HTN alone and subsequently DM alone. SPSS analysis showed correlation between serum electrolytes and ABG electrolytes was significant at 0.01 levels. Correlation between serum and arterial electrolytes was significant, however; related to time it was weakly negative. We conclude that critical decisions can be made by trusting the values obtained through both ABG and Serum levels of the electrolytes.

American Journal of Clinical Medicine Research. 2015, 3(3), 55-59. DOI: 10.12691/ajcmr-3-3-5
Pub. Date: September 21, 2015

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Assessing the Level of N-terminal Pro-peptide of Type III Collagen in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure and Metabolic Syndrome

by Drapkina Oxana, Zyatenkova Elena and Ivashkin Vladimir

Original Research

The development and progression of heart failure accelerate obesity, disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. These states are united by the term "metabolic syndrome". The hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome is a non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The combination of NAFLD and cardiovascular disease leads to increased risk of cardiovascular complications and has a significant impact on the prognosis and outcome of CHF. A key factor in the pathogenesis and progression of CHF is myocardial remodeling. The metabolic products of collagen (N-terminal pro-peptide of type III collagen) are considered as promising candidates for markers of myocardial remodeling and development of heart failure. In a number of papers increased level of PIIINP is a predictor of cardiac mortality or rehospitalization due to decompensation of heart failure associated with an increased risk of death. Materials and Methods: The study group included 39 patients with CHF and MS. The control group included 38 patients with chronic heart failure, without the metabolic syndrome. In all patients the diagnosis of heart failure was confirmed by quality measuring the NT-proBNP. The severity of the clinical manifestations of heart failure, functional status of the patient were assessed. All patients underwent biochemical blood tests. The size of the heart chambers, wall thickness of the myocardium and epicardial fat were estimated by echocardiography. All the patients underwent the calculation of Fatty Liver Index, NAFLD Fibrosis Score. Results: The level of the main group PIIINP is 3,3 ± 1,5 g / l; in the control group - 2,3 ± 1,3 g / l (p = 0,00046). Statistical analysis revealed significant correlation (p<0.05) between laboratory data and PIIINP: the level of uric acid, glucose level, GFR, value FLI, NFS; between the data of echocardiography and PIIINP: thickness of epicardial fat, IVS thickness, LV myocardial mass, RA dimensions, LA, ESD LV, ratio E / A, ratio E / e. Conclusions: The use of PIIINP in clinical practice will identify patients with CHF and MS with structural and functional changes in the myocardium in the early stages of the disease. Also the determination of the level of PIIINP in patients with CHF and MS will allow identifying patients with liver disease and selecting the ones for further assessment and selection of therapy taking into consideration attendant pathology.

American Journal of Clinical Medicine Research. 2015, 3(3), 50-54. DOI: 10.12691/ajcmr-3-3-4
Pub. Date: September 08, 2015

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Performance Analysis of Blood Culture by an Automated Blood Culture System at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in South India

by K V Ramana, Padmawali palange, Sanjeev D Rao, Ritu Vaish and B Mohan Rao

Original Research

This Prospective study analyses culture result of 134 blood culture samples received in microbiology laboratory during a five months period between October 2014 and February 2015. We have documented time required for the culture to become positive, time at which culture could be considered negative and the spectrum of isolated organismsms including their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. The specimens were processed by using automated system BacT/Alert 3D/60. Microorganism’s identification was performed by routine conventional and automated identification system and antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by Kirby bauer disk diffusion method. The mean detection time for isolates was 14.5 +/- 5.7 hours. Among organisms isolated included were Gram positive bacteria, Gram negative bacteria and yeasts with 22 (16.4%), 14 (10.4%) and 19 (14.2%) respectively. All our cultures were positive within 34 hours.

American Journal of Clinical Medicine Research. 2015, 3(3), 45-49. DOI: 10.12691/ajcmr-3-3-3
Pub. Date: August 14, 2015

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Evaluation of Alpha (α) and Beta (β) Haemolysin Antibodies Incidence among Blood Group ‘O’ Donors in ATBUTH Bauchi- Nigeria

by Obisesan OA, Ogundeko TO, Iheanacho CU, Abdulrazak T, Idyu VC, Idyu II and Isa AH

Original Research

Background: Antibodies with haemolytic properties are common within the ABO system. These lytic antibodies are immunoglobulin G (IgG) and in high titres cause haemolysis during blood transfusion. Information on Immunoglobulin types and concentration of ABO haemolysins in Nigerian population is not readily available especially in Northern Nigeria. Methods: Serum samples from 200 males and 25 females O group blood donors were screened for A and B haemolysins. Forty two positive samples (38 males and 4 females) were treated with dithiothretiol (DTT) for characterization of IgG class. Antibody titre was compared with grade of haemolysis. Results: Out of 50 positive samples 42 highly haemolytic serum samples had IgG titres of > or = 64 after treatment with DTT. There was 18.6% occurrence of α and or β haemolysins in blood group O donors also with average titre values of α-haemolysins (68.2) and β-haemolysins (67).Conclusion: Results showsclear indication of high incidence of α and β haemolysins among the healthy blood group O donors hence, Haemolysin test was found to be a useful screening test to identify group O donors with high levels of IgG anti A and/or anti B as far as safe blood transfusion is concerned. Aim: The study was determined the incidence of ά and β haemolysins in healthy blood group O donors in the Blood Bank Unit of ATBUTH Bauchi.

American Journal of Clinical Medicine Research. 2015, 3(3), 42-44. DOI: 10.12691/ajcmr-3-3-2
Pub. Date: July 01, 2015

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Liver Function Biomarker in Patients on Anticoagulant Therapy at Usmanu Danfodiyo Unversity Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria

by Oduola Taofeeq, Bature Farida, Ndakotsu Mohammed Alhaji, Yakubu Abdulmumini, Dallatu Mohammed Kabiru and Mainasara Abdullahi Suleiman

Original Research

Background: Drug induced hepatotoxicity have been known to be a common cause of liver failure. Drugs can either have a short-term or long-term adverse effect. The risk of side effect varies from drug to drug and from patient to patient. Most of the patients that need anticoagulant therapy are on the drugs for a long period, hence liver function may be impaired during the course of therapy this study was designed to investigate the effect of anticoagulant drugs on liver function. Methods: Thirty patients who have been on anticoagulant therapy between 1to 20 years (X5.8years), 30 patients that were yet to commence anticoagulant therapy but with the same clinical condition and 30 apparently healthy subjects were recruited for the study. Effect of duration of therapy on liver function were also assessed. Patients with background liver disease from any cause were excluded from the study. Five ml of blood were collected from each of the participant and liver function biomarkers estimated using standard techniques. Result: Therewere statistically significant increases (P<0.001) in values of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and gammaglutamyl transferase(GGT) in patients on anticoagulant therapy and patients that were not on anticoagulant therapy when compared with control subjects but the increases were within the reference range. There was no significant difference (P>0.001) in alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), total bilirubin (TB) and direct bilirubin (DB) values between the patients and the control group. Conclusion: The slight elevation in liver function biomarkers assessed in patients on anticoagulant therapy could not be linked to the effect of the drug because patients with the same clinical conditions that were not on anticoagulant therapy showed the same elevation of the biomarkers. We did not observe effect of duration of therapy on liver function. The liver function biomarkers assessed were within the reference range in both the patients on therapy and those not on therapy. From our findings, we did not observe hepatotoxicity among our subjects.

American Journal of Clinical Medicine Research. 2015, 3(3), 37-41. DOI: 10.12691/ajcmr-3-3-1
Pub. Date: July 01, 2015

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