by Juliana Hariandja, Kusnandi Rusmil and Sri Endah Rahayuningsih
Original Research
Background: Children with congenital heart disease are susceptible to infection that could be prevented by immunization. Information about factors associated with immunization in children with congenital heart disease is lacking.Objective: To determine factors associated with the basic immunization in children with congenital heart disease. Methods: This is a sequence explanatory mixed method study which combined quantitative analytic study on 90 subjects and qualitative study using focus group discussion. Parents of children with congenital heart disease aged 12-60 months who posses immunization card were included. Independent variables were mother’s age, education, occupation, child’s age at diagnosis, congenital heart disease type, information and source of information, knowledge and attitude, while basic immunization status served as dependent variable. Outcome of quantitative study was used as initial topics discussed at the focus group discussion.Results: The percentage of fully immunized children in this study was 83.3%. Knowledge and information have significant association with basic immunization status. Counseling by health workers and the information about vaccines’ safety gave confidence to participants of focus group discussion to provide immunizations. The biggest concern came from midwives who worried about the children’s condition so they refused to give the immunization.Conclusion: Knowledge and information are factors associated with basic immunization status in children with congenital heart disease. Midwives concern about children condition made them refuse to give the immunization. It is necessary to provide councelling for midwives about immunization in children with congenital heart disease.
American Journal of Clinical Medicine Research. 2017, 5(1), 10-14. DOI: 10.12691/ajcmr-5-1-3
Pub. Date: March 07, 2017
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by Ranti Astria Hannah, Nanan Sekarwana and Sjarief H Effendi
Original Research
Background. Previous studies has linked childhood severe malnutrition with hypertension; also association between hypertension and microalbuminuria. Currently there is no study on blood pressure and microalbuminuria in moderately malnourished school-age children.Methodology/Principal Findings. A cross-sectional study on children aged 6‒12 years from 3 public elementary schools in Bandung, Indonesia between July to September 2016. Weight, height and blood pressure of subjects were measured. Nutritional status were determined using WHO Child Growth Standards. Blood pressure levels were classified, and microalbuminuria were measured using Advia 1800 Analyzer (Siemens, Germany). Sample size was calculated with 18% estimated prevalence, 95% confidence, and 5% precision. Prevalence data were presented as percentage. Differences of blood pressure and microalbuminuria in moderately malnourished and well-nourished subjects were analyzed using Mann Whitney dan Chi-square tests, statistical significance was represented by p<0,05. Out of 235 subjects, 74 were moderately malnourished (prevalence 31,5%) and 161 were well-nourished. The median of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and microalbuminuria in the moderately malnourished group were 95 mmHg; 62,5 mmHg; and 5,5 mcg/mg respectively, compared to 95 mmHg; 60 mmHg; and 4 mcg/mg respectively (p=0,741; 0,495; 0,217).Conclusions. The prevalence of moderate malnutrition in Indonesian school-age children is quite high. There were no significant differences of blood pressure and microalbuminuria between moderately malnourished and well-nourished children.
American Journal of Clinical Medicine Research. 2017, 5(1), 6-9. DOI: 10.12691/ajcmr-5-1-2
Pub. Date: February 18, 2017
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by Ahmedz Widiasta, Sudung O Pardede and Dedi Rachmadi
Original Research
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a noncommunicable harmful disease that might decrease child quality of life. The mortality is mostly caused by cardiovascular disease and dyslipidemia as the major risk factor. At present there is lack of study about the correlation between lipid profile and degree of CKD in children. Underlying causes in adults and children are quite different, so it is very important to find out the lipid profile in various degrees of CKD in children. This cross-sectional study was carried out during January–June 2016 in Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung and M Djamil General Hospital Padang, Indonesia. Samples were collected consecutively, calculated from coefficient determinant. The power samples gained with G*Power software were 41 children. The study was permitted by the Ethical Committee Hasan Sadikin and M Djamil General Hospital. The correlation was analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS 24.0. From the samples we performed ureum, creatinine, LDL, HDL, triglyceride, and total cholesterol. The degree of CKD based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was determined by Schwartz formula. The sample consisted of 87 children with CKD stage 1–5 respectively (43, 11, 8, 8, 17). Correlation between GFR with LDL, HDL, triglyceride, and total cholsterol level were: rs=0.29, IK 95% (0.08; 0.49), p=0.007; rs=0.16, IK 95% (-0.07; 0.37), p=0.150; rs=-0.05, IK 95% (-0.26; 0.15), p=0.625; and rs=0.25; IK 95% (0.04; 0.45), p=0.022, respectively. There were significant correlation between various degrees of CKD with LDL and total cholesterol. No significant correlation between various degree of CKD with HDL and triglyceride.
American Journal of Clinical Medicine Research. 2017, 5(1), 1-5. DOI: 10.12691/ajcmr-5-1-1
Pub. Date: February 09, 2017
11949 Views2489 Downloads