by Murashko A.V., Ishenko A.I., Magomedova Sh.M., Didikin S.S., Zinovyeva L.V., Pavlova L.A., Kozin S.V. and Drapkina J.S.
Original Research
Introduction: Fetal growth restriction occurs in up to 10 % of pregnancies, and is one of the major causes of infant mortality. The primary cause of fetal growth restriction is placental insufficiency. We suggest that insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) is effective in improving placental blood circulation and corrects fetal weight deficits in animal models. Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted in 18 pregnant Wistar rats. The animals were divided into 3 groups (intact group- laboratory rats without PI receiving placebo ; control group- laboratory rats with PI receiving placebo; experimental group- laboratory rats with PI model receiving IGF-1 via subcutaneous injections. This study was carried out in strict accordance with the recommendations in the Guide of European convention for the Protection of Vertebral Animals. The protocol was approved by the Intercollegiate Committee on the Ethics of Animal Experiments (Association of Medical universities and universities for Pharmacy & Pharmacology: Permit Number: 11-10). All surgery was performed under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia, and all efforts were made to minimize suffering. Results: All rats without PI had spontaneous labor by the end of the pregnancy. In intact group, average number of newborn rats were 9,5±1,96 and the average weight of one newborn rats was 7,38±0,095 grams. In the control group all rats delivered hypotrophic fetuses. Number of newborns in broods and their body weight did not differ significantly in the experimental animal group comparing with intact group. The mean number of newborn rats in the control group was 10,0±1,05 with the mean body mass 7,44±0,138г. Offspring's number was 25 % higher in animals treated with IGF-1 compared with the intact group (p ≤ 0,05). Discussion: Our method gave valid and reliable information proving subcutaneus insulin growth factor-1 administration reduced fetal growth restriction associated with placental insufficiency. Insulin growth factor-1 acts in response to such signals as nutrients, oxygen and hormones via the IGF receptors, and the insulin receptor. Deletion of IGF-1 gene leads to reduced birth weight.
American Journal of Clinical Medicine Research. 2016, 4(2), 34-37. DOI: 10.12691/ajcmr-4-2-4
Pub. Date: June 27, 2016
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by O.B Anozie, U.J Anozie, Lawani O.L, Mamah E, Ajah L.O and Mathew Igwe Nwali
Original Research
Background: Medical wastes unlike other waste products constitute a serious health hazard to its handlers, patients and the community at large. Objective: This study assessed the level of awareness of hospital cleaners on occupational hazards, safety measures and post exposure prophylaxis to HIV in 10 hospitals in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional study that was conducted on ninety hospital cleaners working in ten public and privately owned hospitals in Abakaliki. Semi-structured questionnaires were used for data collection and data analysis was done with SPSS version 19. Results: This showed that out of 90 respondents sampled, 68 questionnaires were available for analysis. This gave a response rate of 75.6%. It was observed that knowledge of occupational hazards was fairly high (82.4%) among the participants; this was due to training on hospital waste management and experience from the Job. Safety measures to mitigate occupational hazard was inconsistently and incorrectly used by the respondents. A fairly significant proportion of participants were aware of their HIV (72.1%), Hepatitis B (47.1%) and C viruses (48.5%) status. Only half (50%) were immunized for Hepatitis B virus and as well as had knowledge of post- exposure prophylaxis for HIV. Conclusion: Occupational exposure of health care providers to hazardous hospital waste is a significant public health problem. Therefore, healthcare managers and policy makers should institute astute measures to improve the knowledge of occupational hazards, as well as provide personal protective device to hospital waste handlers. Post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV should be domiciled in healthcare centre for the benefit of exposed individuals.tudorza patient assistance
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American Journal of Clinical Medicine Research. 2016, 4(2), 29-33. DOI: 10.12691/ajcmr-4-2-3
Pub. Date: June 21, 2016
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by O.B Anozie, Lawani O.L, C.U.O Esike, Mamah E and Ajah L.O.
Original Research
Background: Urinary tract infection is one of the most frequently seen medical complications of pregnancy. Despite significant advances in managing urinary tract infection in pregnancy, its occurrence is still associated with adverse feto-maternal complications. Objective: To determine the prevalence and common microbial isolates of urinary tract infections in pregnancy at the Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki. Methodology: This was a four year retrospective study of cases of urinary tract infection in pregnancy (from 1st January 2012 to 31st December 2015). A total of 111cases of urinary tract infection we reviewed under the 4 year period. Information were obtained from the medical records of participants and analysed with Epi info Version 7. The process involved descriptive statistics. Results: The prevalence of UTI in this study was 2.0%. The mean age of patients was 26.2±5.6years. Majority of the patients 58.6% (65) fell within the age range of 20-29 years and 30-39 years age group were 31(27.9%). Sixty two women (55.9%) had between 2 and 4 children while primiparas were 33.3% of the population. Second trimester presentation was highest 78(70.3%) and first trimester was 6(5.4%).The commonest symptoms where frequency 27%, dysuria 25.2%, fever 10.8% and supra-pubic pain with 8.1%. The predominant organism was Escherichia coli making up 70.3%(78). Stapylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia respectively were 13.5 and 11.7%. Levofloxacin had the highest level of sensitivity with 98(88.3%) isolates being sensitive to levofloxacin. This was closely followed by Ofloxacin 90(81.1%), Ceftriaxone 78(70.3%), Ceftazidime 70(63.1%), Nitrofurantoin 70(63.1) and Gentamycin 60(54.1%) amongst others. Penicillin and Co-Amoxiclav had the least organism sensitivity with 28(25.2%) and 36(32.4%) respectively. Conclusion: Screening of pregnant women during the antenatal period should be considered an essential component of antenatal care in the communities to avoid the undesirable negative impact of undiagnosed and/or untreated urinary tract infections in pregnancy.drug coupon card
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American Journal of Clinical Medicine Research. 2016, 4(2), 25-28. DOI: 10.12691/ajcmr-4-2-2
Pub. Date: June 03, 2016
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by Shagufta Ahsan
Original Research
Chronic Hepatitis C (HCV) infection occurs in more than 130 to 150 million individuals world wide. Twenty percent of patients chronically infected with HCV progress to cirrhosis. Other than cirrhosis, Chronic HCV infection is strongly associated with liver cancer and end-stage liver disease requiring transplantation. However, as with the approval of the fisrt generation protease inhibitors telaprevir and boceprevir, we see significant progress in the treatment of chronic hepatitis c infection. however this has benefited many but not all patients with HCV infection as protease inhibitors have never been approved for genotype 2 and 3. No direct acting antiviral agents have ever been approved until recently. Very recently sofosbuvir, a direct acting antiviral agent which is a nucleotide polymerase inhibitor, has been approved for genotypes 2, 3, (and genotypes 1 and 4), where as multiple direct acting agents are approved and used for genotype 1 which includes but is not limited to Simeprevir. Now patients with genotype 3 have emerged among the hardest to treat. The reason behind this treatment failure of genotype 3 infections is that genotype 3 still remains a challenge to the efficacy of even newer regimen Also genotype 3 is associated with a more rapid progression of the disease. In addition, genotype 4 is increasing in Europe. Thus we want to emphasize the ongoing need for new, simpler therapeutics using direct –acting antivirals that target various stages of the HCV lifecycle to eradicate HCV without concomitant INF.pro abortion
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American Journal of Clinical Medicine Research. 2016, 4(2), 19-24. DOI: 10.12691/ajcmr-4-2-1
Pub. Date: May 30, 2016
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