Evaluation of Alpha (α) and Beta (β) Haemolysin Antibodies Incidence among Blood Group ‘O’ Donors in ATBUTH Bauchi- Nigeria

Obisesan OA¹, Ogundeko TO^2, , Iheanacho CU¹, Abdulrazak T³, Idyu VC⁴, Idyu II⁵ and Isa AH⁶

¹Department of Haematology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

²Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bingham University, Jos, Nigeria

³Department of Haematology, AbubakarTafawaBalewa University Teaching Hospital, Bauchi, Nigeria

⁴Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria

⁵Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria

⁶Department of Haematology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bingham University, Jos, Nigeria

Cite this paper

Obisesan OA, Ogundeko TO, Iheanacho CU, Abdulrazak T, Idyu VC, Idyu II and Isa AH. Evaluation of Alpha (α) and Beta (β) Haemolysin Antibodies Incidence among Blood Group ‘O’ Donors in ATBUTH Bauchi- Nigeria. American Journal of Clinical Medicine Research. 2015; 3(3):42-44. doi: 10.12691/AJCMR-3-3-2

Abstract

Background: Antibodies with haemolytic properties are common within the ABO system. These lytic antibodies are immunoglobulin G (IgG) and in high titres cause haemolysis during blood transfusion. Information on Immunoglobulin types and concentration of ABO haemolysins in Nigerian population is not readily available especially in Northern Nigeria. Methods: Serum samples from 200 males and 25 females O group blood donors were screened for A and B haemolysins. Forty two positive samples (38 males and 4 females) were treated with dithiothretiol (DTT) for characterization of IgG class. Antibody titre was compared with grade of haemolysis. Results: Out of 50 positive samples 42 highly haemolytic serum samples had IgG titres of > or = 64 after treatment with DTT. There was 18.6% occurrence of α and or β haemolysins in blood group O donors also with average titre values of α-haemolysins (68.2) and β-haemolysins (67).Conclusion: Results showsclear indication of high incidence of α and β haemolysins among the healthy blood group O donors hence, Haemolysin test was found to be a useful screening test to identify group O donors with high levels of IgG anti A and/or anti B as far as safe blood transfusion is concerned. Aim: The study was determined the incidence of ά and β haemolysins in healthy blood group O donors in the Blood Bank Unit of ATBUTH Bauchi.

Keywords

alpha (α) and beta (β) haemolysin, group “O”, gender, prevalence, Bauchi-Nigeria

Copyright

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