Malak Khalifeh, Nicholas Moore and Pascale Salameh. Social Knowledge and Attitude toward Over-the-Counter Drug Use.
. 2018; 6(2):35-40. doi: 10.12691/AJCMR-6-2-3
self-medication, OTC, Lebanon, public views, knowledge, attitude
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit
[1] | Hardon A, Sjaak VdG. Hazards of self-medication. World Health Forum. 1987; 8: 469-71. |
|
[2] | Bradley C, Bond C. Increasing the number of drugs available over the counter: arguments for and against. . Br J Gen Pract 1996; 46: 121-2. |
|
[3] | Hughes L, Whittlesea C, Luscombe D. Patients' knowledge and perceptions of the side-effects of OTC medication. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2002; 27: 243-8. |
|
[4] | Hughes GF, McElnay JC, Hughes CM, McKenna P. Abuse/misuse of non-prescription drugs. Pharm World Sci. 1999; 21: 251-5. |
|
[5] | Robinson GM, Robinson S, McCarthy P, Cameron C. Misuse of over-the-counter codeine-containing analgesics: dependence and other adverse effects. N Z Med J. 2010; 123: 59-64. |
|
[6] | Reed K, Bond A, Witton J, Cornish R, Hickman M, Strang J. The changing use of prescribed benzodiazepines and z-drugs and of over-the-counter codeine-containing products in England: a structured review of published English and international evidence and available data to inform consideration of the extent of dependence and harm. London and Bristol: The National Addiction Centre, Kings College London and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, United Kingdom. 2011. |
|
[7] | Agyapong CM, Sarvage M, Sighn K, Farren C, McLoughlin D. Use of codeine-containing medicines by patients admitted to an acute psychiatric hospital. European Psychiatry. 2011; 26: 1. |
|
[8] | Marie Claire Van Hout. A Respectable Addiction: Over The Counter Codeine Use, isuse and Dependence. 2014. p. 107-18. |
|
[9] | EMCDDA Annual Report. Annual report on the state of the drugs problem in Europe, Lisbon, Portugal: European Monitoring Centre of Drugs and Drug Addiction. 2011. |
|
[10] | Frei MY, Nielsen S, Dobbin MD, Tobin CL. Serious morbidity associated with misuse of over-the-counter codeine-ibuprofen analgesics: a series of 27 cases. Med J Aust. 2010; 193: 294-6. |
|
[11] | Cooper RJ. Over-the-counter medicine abuse - a review of the literature. J Subst Use. 2013; 18: 82-107. |
|
[12] | Yousef AM, Al-Bakri AG, Bustanji Y, Wazaify M. Self-medication patterns in Amman, Jordan. Pharm World Sci. 2008; 30: 24-30. |
|
[13] | Wazaify M, Shields E, Hughes CM, McElnay JC. Societal perspectives on over-the-counter (OTC) medicines. Fam Pract. 2005; 22: 170-6. |
|
[14] | Kaufman DW, Kelly JP, Rosenberg L, Anderson TE, Mitchell AA. Recent patterns of medication use in the ambulatory adult population of the United States: the Slone survey. JAMA. 2002; 287: 337-44. |
|
[15] | Sihvo S, Klaukka T, Martikainen J, Hemminki E. Frequency of daily over-the-counter drug use and potential clinically significant over-the-counter-prescription drug interactions in the Finnish adult population. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2000; 56: 495-9. |
|
[16] | Honig PK, Cantilena LR. Polypharmacy. Pharmacokinetic perspectives. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1994; 26: 85-90. |
|
[17] | Honig PK, Gillespie BK. Drug interactions between prescribed and over-the-counter medication. Drug Saf. 1995; 13: 296-303. |
|
[18] | Bell H, McElnay J, Hughes CM. Societal perspectives on the role of the community pharmacist and community-based pharmaceutical services. . J Soc Adm Pharm. 2000; 17: 119-28. |
|
[19] | British Market Research Bureau (BMRB). Everyday healthcare study: a consumer study of self-medication in Great Britain. London: Proprietary Association of Great Britain. 1997. |
|
[20] | Nightingale S. New easy-to-understand labels for OTC drugs. J Am Med Assoc. 1999; 281: 113. |
|
[21] | Jalilian F, Hazavehei SM, Vahidinia AA, Jalilian M, Moghimbeigi A. Prevalence and related factors for choosing self-medication among pharmacies visitors based on health belief model in Hamadan Province, west of Iran. J Res Health Sci. 2013; 13: 81-5. |
|
[22] | Al-Azzam SI, Al-Husein BA, Alzoubi F, Masadeh MM, Al-Horani MA. Self-medication with antibiotics in Jordanian population. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2007; 20: 373-80. |
|
[23] | Mumtaz Y, Jahangeer A, Mujtaba T, Zafar SN. Self Medication among University Students of Karachi. JLUMHS. 2011; 10: 102-5. |
|
[24] | James H, Handu SS, Khaja KA, Sequeira RP. Influence of medical training on self-medication by students. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2008; 46: 23-9. |
|
[25] | Zafar SN, Syed R, Waqar S, Zubairi AJ, Vaqar T, Shaikh M, et al. Self-medication amongst university students of Karachi: prevalence, knowledge and attitudes. J Pak Med Assoc. 2008; 58: 214-7. |
|
[26] | Scicluna EA, Borg MA, Gur D, Rasslan O, Taher I, Redjeb SB, et al. Self-medication with antibiotics in the ambulatory care setting within the Euro-Mediterranean region; results from the ARMed project. J Infect Public Health. 2009; 2: 189-97. |
|
[27] | World Health Organization. Measuring Transparency to Improve Good Governance in the Public Pharmaceutical Sector. 2007. |
|
[28] | Haydon E, Rehm J, Fischer B, Monga N, Adlaf E. Prescription drug abuse in Canada and the diversion of prescription drugs into the illicit drug market. Can J Public Health. 2005; 96: 459-61. |
|
[29] | Goldsworthy RC, Schwartz NC, Mayhorn CB. Beyond abuse and exposure: framing the impact of prescription-medication sharing. Am J Public Health. 2008; 98: 1115-21. |
|