Personal and Environmental Risk Factors of Smoking in Male Adolescent

Muhammad Akbar Tirtosudiro^1, , Meita Dhamayanti¹ and Dedi Rachmadi Sambas¹

¹Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, West Java, Indonesia

Cite this paper

Muhammad Akbar Tirtosudiro, Meita Dhamayanti and Dedi Rachmadi Sambas. Personal and Environmental Risk Factors of Smoking in Male Adolescent. American Journal of Clinical Medicine Research. 2016; 4(3):52-55. doi: 10.12691/AJCMR-4-3-4

Abstract

Smoking remains a major health problem globally. Smoke uptake usually starts from adolescence age, few among them stops when they reach adulthood. From that pattern, smoking-related death may be increased twice every decade. Early age smokers may experience diseases in later life when they reach adulthood, and they are also at risk of diseases earlier at young age. Physical activity has been found to be one of the risk factor of smoking in adolescent. The objective of this research was to determine the personal and envrionmental risk factors of smoking in male adolescents, including physical activity. This analytical case-control study was performed from May to June 2016 in several senior high schools in Bandung, Indonesia. There were 208 adolescent male subjects, aged 15‒19 years, included in the study and were instructed to fill a smoking questionnaire. One hudred and fourty four subjects were chosen with simple random sampling, divided into smoker and non-smoker group, and were given physical activity questionnaire. Two phases of statistical analysis were done. First, bivariate analysis were done for all subjects characteristics by chi-square test, all characteristics with p< 0.25 were then analyzed by multiple logistic regression. P values of <0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that low and moderate level of physical activity (OR 9.98 (CI 95%: 2.25‒44.32) and 2.65 (CI 95%: 1.02‒6.91), respectively), positive perception of smoking effect on mind {OR 8.76 (CI: 3.41‒22.46)}, and smoking close friends dominance (OR 2.50 (CI 95%: 1.15‒5.43)) increased the risk of smoking. This research showed that low and moderate physical activity, positive perception of smoking, and exposure to smoking close friends increase the risk of smoking in male adolescent.

Keywords

adolescent, male, smoking, risk factors, physical activity

Copyright

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References

[1]	Jha P, Peto R. Global effects of smoking, of quitting, and of taxing tobaco. N Engl J Med. 2014; 370(1): 60-8.
[2]	World Health Organization. WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic. Loxembourg: WHO Press. World Health Organization, 2013.
[3]	Global youth tobacco survey (GYTS): Indonesia Report 2014. World Health Organization, 2015.
[4]	Preventing tobacco use among youth and young adults: a report of The Surgeon General. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012.
[5]	Division of the Vermont Departement of Health. Adolescent smoking: an indicator for other risky behaviors. Vermont.1996. p. 1-2.
[6]	Xu X, Leung DYP, Li B, Wang P, Zhao Y. Smoking-related knowledge, attitude, social pressure, and environmental constraints among new undergraduates in Chongqing, China. Int J Environ Res. 2015; 12. (895-909).
[7]	Syarif SSHM, Bungawati A. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kebiasaan merokok siswa SMK Negeri 1 Tojo Barat Kabupaten Tojo Una-Una. Promotif. 2012; 1(2): 113-21.
[8]	Komalasari D, Helmi AF. Faktor-faktor penyebab perilaku merokok pada remaja.
[9]	Multani S, Reddy JJ, Bhat N, Sharma A. Assessment of knowledge, attitude, behaviour and interpersonal factors related to the use of tobacco among youth of Udaipur City, Rajasthan, India: A Cross-Sectional Study. Addict Health. 2012; 4(3-4): 142-50.
[10]	Charilaou M, Karekla M, Constatinou M, Price S. Relationship between physical activity and type of smoking behavior among adolescents and young adults in Cyprus. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 2009: 1-8.
[11]	Allison KR, Adlaf EM, Dwyer JJ, Lysy DC, Irving HM. The decline in physical activity among adolescent students. Canadian Journal of Public Health. 2007;98(2): 97-100.
[12]	Brodersen NH, Steptoe A, Boniface DR, Wardle J. Trends in physical activity and sedentary behaviour in adolescence: ethnic and socioeconomic differences. Br J Sports Med. 2007;41:140-4.
[13]	Mays D, Luta G, Walker LR, Tercyak KP. Exposure to peers who smoke moderates the association between sports participation and cigarette smoking behavior among non-white adolescents. Addict Behav. 2012; 37(10): 1114-21.
[14]	Papathanasiou G, Papandreou M, Galanos A, Kortianou E, Tsepis E, Kalfakakou V, et al. Smoking and physical activity interrelations in health science students. is smoking associated with physical inactivity in young adults? Hellenic J Cardiol. 2012; 53: 17-25.
[15]	Kujala UM, Kaprio J, Rose RJ. Physical activity in adolescence and smoking in young adulthood: a prospective twin cohort study. Addiction. 2007; 102: 1151-7.
[16]	WHO. Global reccomendations on physical activity for health. Switzerland: WHO Press; 2010.